Emissions trading systemIn forcesince 1 Jan 2013
California (United States)
California's cap-and-trade program, now called Cap-and-Invest, has imposed compliance obligations since January 2013 and puts a carbon price on about 76% of state greenhouse gas emissions. Legislation adopted in September 2025 extended the program through 2045, and the Air Resources Board adopted implementing amendments on 29 May 2026, effective 1 September 2026.
Legal reference Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32); AB 398 (2017); AB 1207 and SB 840 (2025); CARB Cap-and-Invest Regulation
Checked against International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP) · 4 Oct 2026
Emissions trading systemIn forcesince 2009
RGGI participating states (United States)
RGGI, launched in 2009, was the first mandatory greenhouse gas ETS in the United States and covers fossil-fuel power plants in participating Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. Virginia resumed participation on 1 July 2026, bringing participation to eleven states, after Pennsylvania formally ended its participation in November 2025.
Legal reference 2005 RGGI Memorandum of Understanding; RGGI Model Rule (2025 update effective 1 Jan 2027), implemented through state regulations
Checked against Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, Inc. · 4 Oct 2026
Emissions trading systemIn forcesince 1 Jan 2023
Washington (United States)
Washington's Cap-and-Invest Program, created by the 2021 Climate Commitment Act, began operating in January 2023 and covers around 70% of state emissions. Washington signed an agreement with California and Québec on 25 June 2026 to link their markets and completed its linkage rulemaking in September 2026; a linked market is expected in 2027.
Legal reference Climate Commitment Act (2021), Chapter 70A.65 RCW (Greenhouse gas emissions — cap and invest program)
Checked against Washington State Department of Ecology · 4 Oct 2026
