{
    "name": "AI Policy Radar",
    "publisher": "Green Diplomat",
    "description": "Climate laws and carbon-pricing instruments classified by legal stage; every record cites the document it was checked against and the date of that check.",
    "url": "https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
    "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "citation": "Green Diplomat (2026). AI Policy Radar: a verified tracker of climate laws by legal stage. https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/ (accessed 6 October 2026).",
    "generated": "2026-10-06T07:29:38+00:00",
    "count": 1,
    "fields": {
        "record_id": "Stable identifier of the record (also the end of its web address).",
        "jurisdiction": "Country or sub-national jurisdiction that adopted the instrument.",
        "iso3": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code of the country.",
        "instrument_type": "Emissions trading system, carbon tax, framework law, target law, crediting mechanism, energy-transition law, disclosure / MRV rule.",
        "legal_stage": "In force · Enacted, not yet in force · In rulemaking · Proposed / announced · No binding instrument.",
        "stage_date": "Date the instrument reached its current stage (YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD, as precise as the source allows).",
        "legal_reference": "Act, decree or gazette reference.",
        "coverage": "Sectors, entities or share of emissions covered, as stated by the source.",
        "what_to_watch": "The next decision, deadline or review named by the source.",
        "source_name": "Publisher of the document the record was checked against.",
        "source_url": "Address of that document.",
        "source_type": "“official” (law, gazette, government or regulator) or “reference” (a recognised compilation such as ICAP).",
        "btr_status": "Indicative status for Biennial Transparency Reports: planned, adopted or implemented (see Standards).",
        "last_verified": "Date the record was last checked against its source.",
        "legal_journey": "Dated milestones (proposed, enacted, rulemaking, in force, later milestone), each with its own source. JSON and journeys.csv only."
    },
    "records": [
        {
            "record_id": "cn-national-ets",
            "jurisdiction": "China",
            "iso3": "CHN",
            "country": "China",
            "instrument_type": "Emissions trading system",
            "legal_stage": "In force",
            "stage_date": "2021-07-16",
            "legal_reference": "Interim Regulations on the Administration of Carbon Emission Trading (State Council Order No. 775, in force 1 May 2024); Measures for the Administration of Carbon Emission Trading (Trial) (2021)",
            "coverage": "Power, steel, cement and aluminium smelting; more than 3,300 companies; around 8 billion tCO2, over 60% of national CO2 emissions",
            "summary": "China's national ETS began trading on 16 July 2021 with the power sector and now regulates more than 3,300 companies in power, steel, cement and aluminium. It operates under State Council Interim Regulations in force since 1 May 2024 and allocates allowances on an output basis rather than under an absolute cap.",
            "what_to_watch": "Guidelines issued on 25 August 2025 by the General Offices of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council aim for the national ETS to cover all major industrial emitters by 2027, to start moving sectors with stable emissions to absolute caps from 2027, and to operate a cap-and-trade system combining free allocation and auctioning by 2030.",
            "source_name": "International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP)",
            "source_url": "https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/china-national-ets",
            "source_type": "reference",
            "btr_status": "implemented",
            "last_verified": "2026-10-04",
            "region": "Asia-Pacific",
            "topics": [
                "Carbon Markets",
                "Carbon Pricing"
            ],
            "url": "https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/cn-national-ets/",
            "legal_journey": [
                {
                    "date": "2020-12-31",
                    "milestone": "rulemaking",
                    "event": "Ministry of Ecology and Environment issues trial ETS measures, effective 1 February 2021",
                    "source_url": "https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk02/202101/t20210105_816131.html"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2021-07-16",
                    "milestone": "in-force",
                    "event": "National ETS trading opens on the Shanghai exchange with over 2,200 power companies",
                    "source_url": "https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news/china-national-ets-commences-trading"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2024-05-01",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "State Council Interim Regulations on carbon emission trading take effect (Order No. 775)",
                    "source_url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202402/content_6930137.htm"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-03-20",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Work plan adds cement, steel and aluminium to the national ETS",
                    "source_url": "https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news/china-officially-expands-national-ets-cement-steel-and-aluminum-sectors"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-08-25",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Central guidelines set path to absolute caps from 2027 and auctioning by 2030",
                    "source_url": "https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news/china-issues-landmark-guidelines-transition-absolute-cap-and-expand-scope-national-ets"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}