{
    "name": "AI Policy Radar",
    "publisher": "Green Diplomat",
    "description": "Climate laws and carbon-pricing instruments classified by legal stage; every record cites the document it was checked against and the date of that check.",
    "url": "https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
    "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "citation": "Green Diplomat (2026). AI Policy Radar: a verified tracker of climate laws by legal stage. https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/ (accessed 7 October 2026).",
    "generated": "2026-10-07T05:07:24+00:00",
    "count": 1,
    "fields": {
        "record_id": "Stable identifier of the record (also the end of its web address).",
        "jurisdiction": "Country or sub-national jurisdiction that adopted the instrument.",
        "iso3": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code of the country.",
        "instrument_type": "Emissions trading system, carbon tax, framework law, target law, crediting mechanism, energy-transition law, disclosure / MRV rule.",
        "legal_stage": "In force · Enacted, not yet in force · In rulemaking · Proposed / announced · No binding instrument.",
        "stage_date": "Date the instrument reached its current stage (YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD, as precise as the source allows).",
        "legal_reference": "Act, decree or gazette reference.",
        "coverage": "Sectors, entities or share of emissions covered, as stated by the source.",
        "what_to_watch": "The next decision, deadline or review named by the source.",
        "source_name": "Publisher of the document the record was checked against.",
        "source_url": "Address of that document.",
        "source_type": "“official” (law, gazette, government or regulator) or “reference” (a recognised compilation such as ICAP).",
        "btr_status": "Indicative status for Biennial Transparency Reports: planned, adopted or implemented (see Standards).",
        "last_verified": "Date the record was last checked against its source.",
        "legal_journey": "Dated milestones (proposed, enacted, rulemaking, in force, later milestone), each with its own source. JSON and journeys.csv only."
    },
    "records": [
        {
            "record_id": "ch-co2-levy",
            "jurisdiction": "Switzerland",
            "iso3": "CHE",
            "country": "Switzerland",
            "instrument_type": "Carbon tax",
            "legal_stage": "In force",
            "stage_date": "2008",
            "legal_reference": "Federal Act on the Reduction of CO2 Emissions (CO2 Act) and CO2 Ordinance; revised CO2 Act in force 1 January 2025",
            "coverage": "Fossil thermal fuels (heating oil, natural gas, coal, petroleum coke); not motor fuels",
            "summary": "Switzerland has raised a CO2 levy on fossil thermal fuels such as heating oil and natural gas since 2008, currently CHF 120 per tonne of CO2. Two thirds of the revenue is returned to the population and businesses and one third funds building and technology programmes.",
            "what_to_watch": "Implementation of the revised CO2 Act, including exemption arrangements for companies and the use of levy revenue.",
            "source_name": "Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN/BAFU)",
            "source_url": "https://www.bafu.admin.ch/en/co2-levy",
            "source_type": "official",
            "btr_status": "implemented",
            "last_verified": "2026-10-04",
            "region": "Europe",
            "topics": [
                "Carbon Pricing"
            ],
            "url": "https://greendiplomat.com/ai-policy-radar/ch-co2-levy/",
            "legal_journey": [
                {
                    "date": "1999-10-08",
                    "milestone": "enacted",
                    "event": "First federal CO2 Act adopted",
                    "source_url": "https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/16957.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2008",
                    "milestone": "in-force",
                    "event": "CO2 levy on fossil thermal fuels first levied",
                    "source_url": "https://www.bafu.admin.ch/de/co2-abgabe-private"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2011-12-23",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Totally revised CO2 Act adopted, retaining the levy",
                    "source_url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/swi203397.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2022-01-01",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Levy rate rises to CHF 120 per tonne of CO2",
                    "source_url": "https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/co2-levy-reduction-emissions"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2024-03-15",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Parliament agrees revised CO2 Act for 2025-2030",
                    "source_url": "https://climate-laws.org/document/co2-act_9e7c"
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-01-01",
                    "milestone": "milestone",
                    "event": "Revised CO2 Act with targets and measures to 2030 enters into force",
                    "source_url": "https://www.bafu.admin.ch/de/klimaziel-2030"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}